diseases detected by weather stations, urgent treatment

Sensors installed on weather stations detected an infection level of 70% to 100%, with Septoria tritici (wheat), Rhynchosporium secalis (barley) and Puccinia spp. in all agricultural areas of the country, ADAMA company representatives announce.

The accumulated precipitation in the last week favored the development of diseases in grassy cereals, diseases that can compromise the upper layer of leaves and thus can negatively impact production.

Pathogens Septoria tritici, Rhynchosporium secalis and Puccinia spp. can lead to production losses of up to 50%, having an aggressive evolution, early destroying the foliar mass of plants, organs that are vital in supporting production. Septoria triticialso known as leaf blight, is a disease that can affect cereal crops.

Septoria symptoms appear on the lower leaves, at the base of the plants. The yellow or brownish spots have a characteristic, oval-elongate shape. They sometimes grow up to several centimeters, being limited by the parallel veins of the cereal leaves. The attacked tissues become necrotic, and the spots will dynamically acquire grayish-whitish colors, which are finally surrounded by a brown border. In case of strong pressures of the attack of Septoria triticithe spots coalesce and cause faster drying of the leaves.

High risk of loss in grass cereal crops

The attack of Septoria spp. brings significant losses, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the grains attacked by septoriosis being with a lower MMB, scaly and infested with the fruiting of the fungus.

Septoria is transmitted from one year to another by means of spores left on the soil in the remains of diseased plants. The mushroom spores germinate at the optimal temperature of 22-26 degrees C. The incubation period is between 6-8 days, until the pycnospores appear, 11-14 days are required. The fungus can form up to 7-9 generations of spores during the wheat vegetation period. Spores can germinate even at lower temperatures, up to 2-3 degrees C.

Puccinia striiformis, also known as yellow rust, is a disease that can affect grain crops, especially wheat and barley. Symptoms of yellow rust appear on the leaves developed in vegetation and appear as lesions. The disease is manifested by yellow to orange colored pustules, placed in the form of striae, along the leaf. These pustules can appear on all aerial plant organs: leaves, leaf sheaths, stem, ear.

The attack may initially manifest itself in the form of heartburn, then it will spread throughout the culture. Factors that can influence yellow rust attack include cultivar, climatic factors and farming techniques.

Puccinia recondita, also known as brown rust, is a disease that can affect crops of cereals, especially wheat and rye. Symptoms of brown rust appear on the upper part of the leaves and sometimes on their sheaths in the form of brown, round or oval pustules, unevenly distributed on their surface. Their attack affects both the production, by reducing the number of grains in the ear and the MMB, and the quality, by decreasing the protein content of the grains. The time interval from infection to the spread of the disease at temperatures of 10-20 degrees C is 7-10 days.

All these pathogens can have a significant impact on cereal crops, but with appropriate preventive and control measures, the diseases caused by them can be effectively managed.

Fall or spring grain crops need a robust protection program to ensure they continue to reach their true yield and production and quality potential.

ADAMA, through its portfolio of fungicides specialized in cereal disease control, recommends the fungicide custody.